Evaluation of diets with different soy levels on reared heifers

La actividad ganadera es una de las más importantes del país y es fundamental controlar la alimentación del ganado bovino en las distintas etapas productivas. Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la soja en la nutrición de vaquillonas destinadas a servicio, se emplearon 30 hembras braford pertenecientes al INTA-IIACS. Dos grupos de animales fueron alimentados durante 6 meses con las siguientes dietas, BS: bajo contenido de soja (0,3 % en base al peso vivo, PV) y AS: alto contenido de soja (0,8 % en base a PV). Se dispuso a las vaquillonas a servicio y durante 4 meses se alimentó al grupo BS solo con pastoreo de grama Rhodes sin adición de soja en la dieta, mientras que al grupo AS con una proporción del 0,6% de soja y pastoreo. Se evaluaron mensualmente parámetros productivos: PV y ganancia media diaria (GMD); y hematológicos: hematocrito y fórmula leucocitaria. Después del servicio se registraron los porcentajes de preñez de ambos grupos por tacto rectal. No se observaron cambios en los parámetros evaluados entre los animales antes del servicio. Durante el servicio las vaquillonas del grupo AS presentaron mayores niveles de GMD y hematocrito, mientras que en BS se registró una menor medida de ambos parámetros. No se observaron cambios significativos en las fórmulas leucocitarias. Cabe destacar que a pesar de las diferencias analizadas, las hembras de ambos grupos presentaron un 100% de preñez. El porcentaje de parición fue 100% en lote BS y 93% en lote AS, ya que se registró un aborto de causa indeterminada. Los datos obtenidos de GMD y hematocritos indican que la suplementación con altos porcentajes de soja favorece el estado nutricional de los animales sin afectar los parámetros reproductivos.Livestock activity is one of the most important in Argentina and it is essential to control the cattle feeding at different growth stages. In order to determine the effect of soy on the nutrition of heifers managed for service, 30 braford females from INTA-IIACS were used. Two groups of animals were fed for six months with the following diets, BS: low soy content (0.3% based on live weight, LW) and AS: high soy content (0.8% based on LW). During four months, on the managed for service period, the BS group was fed without addition of soy in the diet, according to Rhodes grass pasture, while the AS group with a proportion of 0.6% of soy based on LW and grazing. Productive parameters were evaluated monthly: LW and average daily gain (ADG) and hematological: hematocrit and leukocyte formula. During the service, the percentage of pregnancy of both groups by rectal examination was registered. There were no changes in the parameters evaluated between the animals before the service. During the service, heifers of the AS group showed an increase in the ADG and hematocrit values, while in BS group minor measures of these parameters were registered. There were no significant changes in leukocyte formulas. It should be noted that despite the differences observed, the females of both groups presented a 100% of pregnancy. The percentage of calving was 100% in BS group and 93% in AS group, since an abortion of indeterminate cause was registered. The data obtained from ADG and hematocrit indicate that supplementation with high rations of soy favors the nutritional status of the animals without affecting the reproductive parameters.Fil: Garcia, Daniela Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martín, Alejandro Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Vella, Milda Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Nasca, Jose Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Roldan Olarte, Eugenia Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Biología; Argentin

Cambios históricos en el aporte terrígeno de la cuenca del Río de la Plata sobre la plataforma interna Uruguaya

El Río de la Plata (RdlP) presenta significativas variaciones naturales (hidrodinámicas y oceanográficas) asociadas a diferentes condiciones climáticas. El propósito de este trabajo es inferir los cambios de aportes continentales de sedimentos y su relación con las variaciones hidrológicas del Río de la Plata, a través del análisis de proxies sedimentológicos y geoquímicos en testigos de sedimentos de la plataforma interna uruguaya que registran los últimos 100 años, aproximadamente. A partir de ladatación por 210Pb de dos testigos de sedimentos (GeoB 13813-4 y BAR1) se reconstruyó la geocronología del ambiente, y se relacionó con datos de las forzantes climáticas Pacific Decadal Oscillation, El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation, Atlantic MultidecadalOscillation, y las anomalías hidrológicas de los ríos Paraná y Uruguay. Los valores máspositivos y estables del Southern Oscillation Index, los cuales corresponden a fases La Niña,se observan en el periodo correspondiente entre 1910-1970, respecto al resto de la serie,donde se aprecia una mayor variabilidad y una tendencia hacia valores más negativos(eventos El Niño). Se hicieron dendrogramas (clustering) jerárquicos para ambos testigos. Para el testigo GeoB 13813-4, se utilizó la relación Ca/Ti y la granulometría, mientras que para BAR1 se recurrió a variables granulométricas y la tasa de sedimentación. El mayoraporte continental hacia la región de la plataforma adyacente al Río de la Plata registrado a partir del año 1970, podría ser el factor principal de los agrupamientos observados en los clusters para ambos testigos. Las agrupaciones mostraron una diferenciación en la década de 1970 lo que estaría asociado al aumento de los caudales de los ríos Paraná y Uruguay, durante las últimas tres décadas del siglo XX. Por otra parte se observa que la granulometría del testigo BAR1 presentó un mayor tamaño de grano y más variabilidad que en el caso del testigo GeoB 13813-4. También se determinó una mayor acumulación de sedimentos a través del tiempo en el cinturón de barro del Río de la Plata (plataforma continental adyacente), comparado con aquel registrado en la Barra del Indio (límite entre zona intermedia y externa del estuario). Estas diferencias podrían estar relacionadas con la influencia del Río de la Plata la cual genera un ambiente altamente dinámico sobre la Barra del Indio y un ambiente más estable sobre el cinturón de barro en la plataforma continental.Fil: Marrero, Analía. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Tudurí, Adriana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Perez, Laura. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Cuña Rodriguez, Carolina Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Muniz, Pablo. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Lopes Figueira, Rubens C.. Instituto Oceanografico; BrasilFil: Michcelovitch de Mahiques, Michel. Instituto Oceanografico; BrasilFil: Alves de Lima Ferreira, Paulo. Instituto Oceanografico; BrasilFil: Pittauerová, Daniela. Center For Marine Environmental Sciences, Marum; AlemaniaFil: Hanebuth, Till. Center For Marine Environmental Sciences, Marum; AlemaniaFil: Garcia Rodriguez, Felipe. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; Urugua

Use of edible coatings to reduce fat absorption in frozen pre-fried structured cassava products

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible coatings as a barrier to oil incorporation during the process of frying frozen pre-fried structured products made from cassava roots. Three different hydrocolloids were used in six coating formulations, three being composed of pectin and milk whey protein, and the other three of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and milk whey protein in the proportions of 1:4, 1:1 and 4:1, respectively. Films made with the same formulations were evaluated for their characteristics of water vapor permeability, water solubility and thickness, as well as their mechanical properties (tensile strength and stretching). The cassava products were evaluated for their moisture and lipid contents, color, instrumental texture and sensory attributes. The milk whey protein concentration influenced the characteristics of the bio-films, causing a decrease in solubility, increase in thickness and increase in the permeability value of the bio-films containing pectin, and a significant reduction of the same parameters in the bio-films composed of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and milk whey protein. The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose based coatings resulted in higher moisture contents and lower lipid contents in the cassava products, the 1:4 combination giving a 32.30% reduction in the amount of lipid absorption. The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose coating in the 1:4 proportion resulted in crispier products with a golden color, desirable attributes in this type of product. The products only presented statistically significant sensory differences for the attributes of texture and crispiness. As from these results it was concluded that the interaction of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with milk whey protein in the 1:4 proportion, when applied to frozen pre-fried structured cassava products, resulted in reduced lipid retention and adequate crispiness and internal texture.Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de coberturas comestíveis como barreira à incorporação de óleo durante o processo de fritura em produtos estruturados pré-fritos congelados, produzidos com raiz de mandioca. Foram utilizados três diferentes hidrocoloides em seis formulações de coberturas, sendo três coberturas compostas por pectina e proteína de soro de leite, e outras três compostas por hidroxipropil-metil celulose e proteína de soro de leite nas proporções de 1:4, 1:1 e 4:1, respectivamente. Foram também produzidos filmes nas mesmas relações utilizadas para as coberturas e, nestes filmes, foram avaliadas a permeabilidade ao vapor de água, a solubilidade em água e a espessura, além das propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração e elongação). Nos produtos de mandioca, foram avaliados os teores de umidade e lipídios, cor e textura instrumental, e atributos sensoriais. A concentração de proteína de soro de leite influenciou as propriedades dos filmes, provocando diminuição da solubilidade, aumento da espessura, aumento no valor da permeabilidade para os filmes compostos de pectina e redução significativa para os filmes compostos de hidroxopropil-metil celulose e proteína de soro de leite. As coberturas à base de hidroxipropil-metil celulose proporcionaram maiores teores de umidade e menores teores de lipídios nos produtos de mandioca, sendo que a combinação de 1:4 proporcionou uma redução de 32,3% no teor de absorção de lipídios. A cobertura de hidroxipropil-metil celulose na combinação de 1:4 proporcionou ao produto maior crocância, além de coloração dourada, desejável neste tipo de produto. Sensorialmente, os produtos apresentaram diferenças estatísticas somente em relação aos atributos textura e crocância. A partir destes resultados, pode-se concluir então que esta interação, hidroxipropil-metil celulose e proteína de soro de leite na proporção 1:4, quando aplicada em produtos estruturados de mandioca pré-fritos congelados, proporciona menor retenção de lipídios, além de crocância e textura interna adequadas.172180Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Actividad antioxidante y composición de la leche de llamas criadas en el pedemonte Tucumano

El consumo de leche de llama podría contribuir a la soberanía alimentaria de los pueblosandinos, limitados en la producción agropecuaria por las condiciones socio-ambientales. Paraconstituirse como un alimento apto para el consumo humano, es necesaria su caracterizacióncomposicional en el periodo de lactancia. Como primera aproximación, en este trabajo sedescribió la composición y actividad antioxidante de la leche de llamas criadas bajo condicionescontroladas en el Centro Experimental de Estudios en Camélidos (FAZ-UNT), en el pedemonteTucumano (440 msnm, subtropical con estación seca). Las hembras se alimentaron con sorgoforrajero (verano), despunte de caña (invierno), pastura natural y agua ad libitum. Se realizóel ordeñe manual de 3 llamas adultas de primera y segunda lactancia durante las primeras 15semanas de lactancia (1-15). Se determinó composición con analizador infrarrojo FossomaticFT1 y actividad antioxidante (AA) por técnica de Difenil-1-Picrilhidrazilo. Los datos se expresaroncomo promedio ± desviación estándar y los de AA se analizaron mediante modelos mixtos conlas semanas como factor fijo, y el test LSD Fisher (p<0,05). La composición resultó la siguiente:grasa 4,4 ± 1,3 %, proteína total 4,5 ± 0,9 %, lactosa 6,76 ± 0,5 %, caseína 3,17 ± 0,5 %, caseína/proteína 70 ± 4, sólidos no grasos 11 ± 0,7 %, sólidos totales 16,4 ± 1,7%. Este es el primerreporte sobre AA en leche de llama, la cual presentó un marcado aumento (mg de ácido gálicopor ml de leche) a partir de la semana 5 (p<0.05). Los datos preliminares indican que la lechede llama presenta valor nutricional y funcional, aunque más estudios son necesarios.Fil: Diaz, Alicia Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Daniela Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Peruani San Román, Fernando Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ivanna del Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Argañaraz, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Oliszewski, Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Apichela, Silvana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaX Reunión de Producción Vegetal; VIII de Producción Animal; I de Veterinaria del NOASan Miguel de TucumánArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecni

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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